Female Periods

Females bleed as soon as they step in puberty. Those girls who start bleeding on monthly basis through their vagina’s are considered as mature or a complete women.  This is a natural phenomena and this shows an indicator for a girl to be a woman. It is called menses or Periods. Different women bleed in different ages, however it usually occurs from the age of nine to late teen ages. Similrly menstrual cycles are different in different

females. A menstrual cycle is a period from the first day of bleeding to the previous day of the next bleeding. This period is usually from 27 to 35 days long.

A female bleeds usually every month. This is a healthy sign for a female to have periods in every month. Some youngsters are depressed during their periods because they feel uncomfortable. They need not to worry about and they should consult some one senior who is already experiencing this process. she will tell you all about.
When menstrual cycles start in females a lot of physical changes occur in them. Their body shape and size changes rapidly. Hormones release in their bodies which make certain changes. These hormones release from pituitary gland in the brain. These hormones are responsible for menses in females. In the beginning most of the women suffer in depression due to menstrual cycle because they can’t manage it properly. This is the part of healthy life and ever healthy woman has to experience the menstrual cycle. But it is very important to have enough knowledge about it. they must know how manage the life in these particular days so that daily life must not disturb. They must consult some experienced woman who is already facing it. Be in mind it is not an immoral discussion but you must be careful about your surroundings. This particular duration lasts for 3 to 7 days and it occurs almost every month. A menstrual cycle is the duration from the first day of menses to the previous day of the start of next menses. This duration may be 28 days to 35 days long. Menses stops in  Pregnancy.

Male Heart Disease May Be Linked to Mom's Lifetime Nutrition Risk associated, in part, with mother's body size, placenta size and shape at birth, researchers say

Male Heart Disease May Be Linked to Mom's Lifetime NutritionRisk associated, in part, with mother's body size, placenta size and shape at birth, researchers sayBy Alan Mozes THURSDAY, June 2 (HealthDay News) -- A man's heart disease risk after the age of 40 may be linked, at least in part, to his mother's body size and placenta size when he was born, a new study suggests."Chronic disease is the product of a mother's lifetime nutrition and the early growth of her child," study lead author Dr. David Barker, a professor of clinical epidemiology at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, said in a news release from the European Society of Cardiology. "It is not simply a consequence of poor lifestyles in later life. Rather, it is a result of variations in the normal processes of human development."The finding is reported online June 1 in the European Heart Journal by Barker, who is also a professor in cardiovascular medicine at Oregon Health and Science University, and colleagues.Indications of the maternal influence on the heart disease risk of male offspring stem from an analysis involving nearly 7,000 Finnish men who were born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944.At that time, birth records included notations on the baby's size, the placental surface size, and other information on the mother's weight, height and age, and previous pregnancies. (The placenta -- a temporary organ that lines the uterus and feeds the baby in the womb -- is expelled at birth.)The investigators found that male heart disease risk in late adulthood appeared to rise among:Men whose mothers were short, pregnant for the first time and had relatively oval placentas (indicating that the placental development had been disrupted). Men whose mothers were tall and heavy and had relatively small placentas (which might have restricted the infants' growth mid-gestation). Men whose mothers were tall with a lower-than-normal body mass index and whose placentas were heavy relative to birth weight (the mothers' BMIs suggest that their nutrition was poor during pregnancy, Barker explained).Regardless of which combination was in play, those men with the greatest likelihood for developing heart disease as adults had tended to be relatively thin at birth. This fact, the authors suggested, was an indication that malnourishment was a factor at the time of birth."We have been able to show for the first time that a combination of the mother's body size and the shape and size of the placental surface predicts later heart disease," Barker said.Going forward, the research team intends to study abnormal development of the heart by examining pregnant women's nutritional habits and body characteristics alongside prenatal growth patterns and placenta sizes at birth.

Stomach Cancer

The stomach

The stomach is a hollow organ in the upper abdomen, under the ribs.
It's part of the digestive system. Food moves from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach, the food becomes liquid. Muscles in the stomach wall push the liquid into the small intestine.
The wall of the stomach has five layers:

• Inner layer or lining (mucosa): Juices made by glands in the inner layer help digest food. Most stomach cancers begin in this layer.
• Submucosa: This is the support tissue for the inner layer.
• Muscle layer: Muscles in this layer contract to mix and mash the food.
• Subserosa: This is the support tissue for the outer layer.
• Outer layer (serosa): The outer layer covers the stomach. It holds the stomach in place.

Understanding cancer

Cancer begins in cells, the building blocks that make up tissues. Tissues make up the organs of the body.
Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old, they die, and new cells take their place.
Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. The buildup of extra cells often forms a mass of tissue called a growth, polyp, or tumor.
Tumors in the stomach can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). Benign tumors are not as harmful as malignant tumors:

• Benign tumors:
• are rarely a threat to life
• can be removed and usually don't grow back
• don't invade the tissues around them
• don't spread to other parts of the body
• Malignant tumors:
• may be a threat to life
• often can be removed but sometimes grow back
• can invade and damage nearby organs and tissues
• can spread to other parts of the body

Stomach cancer usually begins in cells in the inner layer of the stomach. Over time, the cancer may invade more deeply into the stomach wall. A stomach tumor can grow through the stomach's outer layer into nearby organs, such as the liver, pancreas, esophagus, or intestine.
Stomach cancer cells can spread by breaking away from the original tumor. They enter blood vessels or lymph vessels, which branch into all the tissues of the body. The cancer cells may be found in lymph nodes near the stomach. The cancer cells may attach to other tissues and grow to form new tumors that may damage those tissues.
The spread of cancer is called metastasis. See the Staging section for information about stomach cancer that has spread.

Risk factors

When you're told that you have stomach cancer, it's natural to wonder what may have caused the disease. But no one knows the exact causes of stomach cancer. Doctors seldom know why one person develops stomach cancer and another doesn't.
Doctors do know that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop stomach cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of getting a disease.
Studies have found the following risk factors for stomach cancer:

• Helicobacter pylori infection: H. pylori is a bacterium that commonly infects the inner lining (the mucosa) of the stomach. Infection with H. pylori can cause stomach inflammation and peptic ulcers. It also increases the risk of stomach cancer, but only a small number of infected people develop stomach cancer.
  
  
• Long-term inflammation of the stomach: People who have conditions associated with long-term stomach inflammation (such as the blood disease pernicious anemia) are at increased risk of stomach cancer. Also, people who have had part of their stomach removed may have long-term stomach inflammation and increased risk of stomach cancer many years after their surgery.
• Smoking: Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop stomach cancer. Heavy smokers are most at risk.
• Family history: Close relatives (parents, brothers, sisters, or children) of a person with a history of stomach cancer are somewhat more likely to develop the disease themselves. If many close relatives have a history of stomach cancer, the risk is even greater.
• Poor diet, lack of physical activity, or obesity:
• Studies suggest that people who eat a diet high in foods that are smoked, salted, or pickled have an increased risk for stomach cancer. On the other hand, people who eat a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables may have a lower risk of this disease.
• A lack of physical activity may increase the risk of stomach cancer.
• Also, people who are obese may have an increased risk of cancer developing in the upper part of the stomach.

Most people who have known risk factors do not develop stomach cancer. For example, many people have an H. pylori infection but never develop cancer.
On the other hand, people who do develop the disease sometimes have no known risk factors.